Course Description:

This course provides a study of the composition, properties, and uses of most dental materials used in dental field, as well as its physical and mechanical properties. Upon completion, you should be able to identify the accurate composition, usage and actual properties of such materials. Materials like Gypsums, waxes, acrylics, and metal materials as example will be full detailed and know the proper procedures for health, safety. The course also provides full details about most of dental procedures and clinical work starting from the students’ needs tell the professional dentist. The course includes step by step manipulation procedures for some materials and detailed clinical consecrations related to usage. The goal of this course is directed to build in dentist’s and students’ mind the accurate Understanding dental materials’ science that facilitates the identification of various products, describe their physical and chemical reactions, and demonstrate their proper usage. To easily identify the used materials, as impression materials, describe their physical application, and demonstrate their proper usage. Use appropriate terminology with respect to dental materials. . Identify alloys used in dentistry and their proper usage Define metal structures. Various laboratory procedures and errors, like how to identify dental casting, investments, dental soldering. And more than you expect about the dental materials.in most easy way to learn. How to deal with different materials in oral cavity.

Learning Outcomes:

• Dental Materials Def./introduction/ Structure of matter / intro. Atom / intro. types of bonds
• Follow types of bonds
• Follow types of bonds / crystalline solids and amorphous solids
• Follow crystalline solids and amorphous solids / space lattice –def.-shapes-unit cells-/atomic packing
• Atomic packing –simple cubic system –face centered cubic- body centered cubic / isomerism /silica
• Details /dental materials
• Details Atoms /details bonds (primary (ionic-covalent-
• Covalent bond –difference between covalent and ionic bonds-free electric cloud-metallic properties / secondary bonds – Van Der Waal forces-polarization
• Polarization – permeant dipole –fluctuating dipole /solids classification (type of bond-crystalline structure )/ atomic and molecular solids
• Crystalline or amorphous solids
• Crystal lattice (atoms in space) /Unit cells/properties related to structure /cubic structure/simples cubic atomic packing /
• Face centered cubic atomic packing /isomerism and polymorphism/silica polymorphism
• Heat (alpha and beta quartz) /displacive transformation and reconstructive transformation ( tridymite) / crystal imperfections
• Imperfections –point defect line defect- plane defect
• Physical properties /Def./ Mass related properties (Density) /thermal properties
• Specific Heat – melting point-heat of fusion –latent heat of fusion –thermal conductivity and diffusivity
• Thermal diffusivity / coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction / water sorption
• Optical properties /light and color /transmission ,reflection, smooth reflection, diffuse reflection, refraction
• Scattering of light , fluorescence, laser
• Laser applications /interaction light with materials and application in dentistry / color
• Follow color / color parameters (hue ,value and Chroma ) / clinical consideration / primary , secondary and complementary colors /
• Metamerism (light source ) / surroundings and light perception / observer and light perception / color fatigue /
• Color perception / color blindness/ surface and color perception / object and color perception /shelf life
• shelf life / working and setting time /mechanical properties /def. / force /stress/strain /types of stress ( compressive-
• types of stress ( compressive-shear – tensile ) / complex stresses / elastic stain def./ plastic or permeant stain /stress strain curve –illustration of the curve
• proportional limit /yield strength /ultimate tensile strength
• fracture strength /diff.between ultimate tensile and fracture points / young’s modulus of elasticity (rigidity) / flexibility
• stress related properties -Ductility and Malleability and brittleness
• Energy related properties –fracture toughness / resilience and toughness /material properties determination through the curve / impact strength /
• Transverse (flexural) strength /cantilevering /bending /impact strength / tests /tensile compression tests
• Fatigue /cyclic loading / fatigue limit/surface properties / Hardness /
• Follow Hardness /Wear resistance/ viscoelasticity – Newtonian –Dilatant –pseudoplastic fluids
• Follow viscoelasticity – Newtonian –Dilatant –pseudoplastic / creep
• Alloys introduction /alloy system / binary alloys / melting range –cooling curve/ phase diagram
• Follow phase diagram / Alloys details /binary system alloys solubility /def. solid solutions , eutectic and intermetallic compound
• Phase diagram /def./cooling curves / liquidus line and solidus line /solid solution /coring /cored structure
• Cored structure /eutectic alloys lowest melting point (complete insolubility)/ usage of eutectic /partial solubility/
• Intermetallic compound /substitutional solid solution / interstitial solid solution /heat treatments /gold-copper system
• gold-copper system / order hardening and ordered softening
• heat treatments classifications /precipitations hardening / summarization
• Metallurgy /def./structure of metals /properties of metals /
• Follow properties of metals/ def. shaping of metal /casting def. / Cold working def./ powder metallurgy (centring)/electroforming
• Microstructure of metals /cooling of metals /nuclei formation /crystallization and grain growth/ def. grain boundaries /
• Grain orientation /grain boundaries details /cooling curve of metals /
• Follow Cooling curve of metal / nucleation –homogeneous-heterogeneous -nucleating agent /number and size of grains effect/ grain boundaries effect
• Follow Grain boundaries effect /controlling grain size /effect on properties /cold working and strain hardening /fibrous grains
• Follow Cold working and strain hardening /annealing and recrystallization /elastic and plastic deformation
• Follow elastic and plastic deformation / repeated lecture 1 alloy
• Dental casting /lost wax technique def. /sprue
• Follow sprue –direction-type-diameter
• Follow sprue length / thickness of investment /number of sprues /position /the Ring
• wetting of wax pattern (surfactants ) /dimensional changes and compensations
• ring removal-liner asbestos / wax burnout / heating metal / pouring of metal
• cutting sprue/ finishing and polishing/ pickling / porosity /
• Investment materials /requirement needed /types /silica and binder (gypsum-phosphate-silicate) / gypsum bonded investments –def. – properties (expansion)
• Indications of gypsum boded investment /phosphate bonded investment /silicate bonded investments/
• Adhesion /def./ clinically / cohesion and adhesion /adherent and adhesive / types of adhesion (chemical-mechanical (not true adhesion) )
• True adhesion / adhesive junction /wetting /factors affect wetting
• Surface tension and surface energy
• Impurities /irregularities /thickness of adhesive junction /type of bonding
• Stress in adhesive junction / thermal stresses/ bond failure / 3 steps-bonding to teeth /
• Follow bonding to teeth /bonding to enamel / bonding to dentine
• Follow bonding to dentine/ primer /application
• Adhesive systems /5th generation
• Self-etching primer /self-etching primer and bond/ 7th generation all in one /
• Universal adhesives and its disadvantages /clinical application
• Follow clinical application
• Impression materials /Definition, properties and requirements /steps (general)/
• Follow requirements and properties of impression materials
• Classification ( elastic-rigid ) def. and requirements / rigid impression material/plaster impression /
• Follow plaster impression material / impression compound
• Follow impression compound /Zinc Oxide-eugenol impression material
• Follow ZNO impression material /elastic impression material /requirement /classification
• Hydrocolloids /agar-alginate general
• Follow agar / alginate
• Follow alginate
• Viscoelastic nature and strain rate /elastomers (rubber bases) def./reaction
• Classification of rubber base impression material /reaction, byproduct, comparison shrinkage / polysulphide rubber impression material
• Silicon impressions materials (types-condensation and addition) / forms or rubber bases impression materials
• Requirements of rubber impression material and manipulation – recent modalities –digital impression
• Follow digital impression technology
• Dental cements /def./uses/ideal requirements of dental cements
• Zinc Oxide eugenol cement
• Zinc phosphate cement
• Zinc Polycarboxylate cement /glass ionomer cement
• Glass ionomer cements
• Modifications of glass ionomers cement (Resin modified glass ionomer) / metal reinforced glass ionomer /
• zirconia reinforced glass ionomer /Nano technology modifications in glass ionomer /highly viscous glass ionomer /modifications in manipulations
• Liners and varnishes
• Amalgam / intro def. /mercury amalgamation reaction
• Requirements, properties and constitutions /dental amalgam alloy
• Zinc and its effect in dental amalgam alloy /amalgam alloy construction homogenization heat treatment /lath cut particles
• Annealing heat treatment /lath cut particles properties /spherical – spheroidal amalgam alloy particle /classification of amalgam
• Classification according to copper containing amalgam /amalgamation reaction (low copper reaction –admixed high copper reaction )
• Follow amalgamation reaction (admixed high copper reaction ) /Unicompositional high copper amalgam reaction
• Properties of amalgam /strength (tensile-compressive) /dimensional changes /flow and creep
• Follow creep /thermal conductivity / 1 hour compressive strength / manipulation
• Follow manipulation
• Summarization
• Composite /def./components and properties
• Composite composition and properties matrix/fillers/coupling agents / activator and initiator /inhibitor
• Composition /Pigments / fillers (macro filled composite-micro filled composite
• Hybrid composite /Nano filled composite
• Residual monomer /solubility /coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction / thermal conductivity /shrinkage and how to overcome it
• Follow shrinkage and how to overcome it .
• Layering / incremental technique/indirect composite /curing /ORMOCER
• Polymers def. / types /polymerization reaction (free radical )
• Termination of polymerization /activation of the free radical
• Types of polymerization reactions (addition-condensation)/ heat, shrinkage
• Residual monomer / polymers chains (linear-branched- cross linked )
• Follow Polymer chains / properties of polymers /types of polymers (thermoplastic-thermoset)
• Follow types of polymers (thermoplastic-thermoset) / molecular weight of monomer/ Degree of polymerization
• Factors affecting properties of polymers / copolymerization / plasticizers
• Inorganic filler and polymers /summarization
• End of polymers